• 事件じけん — incident; case
• 条件じょうけん — condition; terms
• 案件あんけん — matter; project (business)
• 件数けんすう — number of cases
• 用件ようけん — business; purpose of call/visit

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件 combines the person radical 亻 with 牛. In ancient usage it suggested “to separate or classify (like portions of a cow),” which broadened to “matter / item.” Today it’s a very common counter for cases, emails, incidents, and database rows.

この件けんについては、後あとで詳くわしく話はなしましょう。
Let’s talk about this matter in detail later.

きのうはメールを三件さんけん受うけ取りました。
I received three emails yesterday.