• 余裕よゆう — spare time / mental room
• 余分よぶん — extra / excessive
• 余計よけい — unnecessary / excessive
• 余暇よか — leisure time
• 余命よめい — remaining life span
• 余震よしん — aftershock
• 有余ゆうよ — a little more than / upwards of
• 余るあまる — to be left over

余 depicts a roof (⺆) with a support beneath it, symbolizing what remains under shelter — the remainder or surplus. Over time, it came to express “extra” or “leftover” in both tangible and abstract contexts like time, energy, and resources.

時間じかんに 余裕よゆうがありますか？
Do you have any spare time?

食べ物たべものが 余あまってしまった。
We ended up with leftover food.