- 混乱 — confusion / chaos
- 乱暴 — violence / recklessness
- 内乱 — civil war
- 反乱 — rebellion / revolt
- 戦乱 — wartime turmoil
- 騒乱 — riot / uprising
乱 uses the radical 乙 and historically evokes tangled threads, symbolizing disorder. It often appears in political, social, and emotional contexts to express turmoil or loss of control. The old form 亂 visualizes that “tangle” even more explicitly.
彼の 行動は 乱暴すぎる。
His behavior is too violent.
戦争の 影響で 国内は 混乱している。
The country is in chaos due to the effects of war.